A COMPARISON OF PHILIPPINE AND KOREA’S MEDIA SYSTEM

Philippine mass media today is a hybrid of Libertarian and Authoritarian stock, inheriting incongruous qualities that render it complicated and oftentimes confusing. Philippine media prides itself as the “freest in Asia”; the constitution-backed protection of press freedom gives it a characteristic libertarian flavor. However, contrary to Libertarian principles, this press freedom is regulated to some extent by the government. This is where its Authoritarian personality sets in.

It is widely accepted that Libertarian governments have some degree of control over their mass media. But such controls, in the form of laws and other such policies, are formulated with the thrusts on responsibility and over-all public welfare, and not in order to cow the so-called “Fourth Estate.” This Libertarian definition is twisted by Authoritarian technocrats of the Martial Law period in the person of then Information Minister Francisco S. Tatad, by saying:

The liberty of the press never has been absolute. It has always yielded to higher considerations. It has always balanced against other community interests such as the security of the State, the right and duty of the State to provide for the well-being of its citizens, the maintenance of decency and public order, the protection of reputation and the need for fair trial proceedings, among others. (“The Right to Know,” The Times Journal, August 26, 1978).

His explication on the inherent need for government regulation of the media in a Parliamentary Democracy (the Philippines assumed a Parliamentary form of government during Martial Law), is one of the many paradoxes in a society wielding the democratic Bill of Rights on one hand and authoritarian State supremacy on the other. In short, the convoluted definition of control (causing it to take on an authoritarian tone) over the media is, in essence, political propaganda. It is to be noted that in Libertarian theory, the power lies ultimately on the people and the state is a mere venue on which “man can develop his potentialities and enjoy a maximum of happiness” (Maslog, 1989). To the Authoritarian theorist, whose contentions run parallel to the martial law technocrats’, “the state is the ‘ethical spirit? Will? Mind? The state, being and end in itself, is provided with the maximum of rights over against the individual citizens, whose highest duty is to be members of the state” (George Hegel quoted by Maslog, 1989).

This clash of principles between the government and the media fuels their snubbing animosity for each other. The state contends that without restrictions, media have the ability to threaten the truthful dissemination of information and that this irresponsibility, coupled with unrestricted liberty, will inevitably threaten the State’s security. The media rebute that when government institutionalizes controls over them, it has the capacity to manipulate these regulations to cow and threaten them; that the government will exploit every creative means it can to muzzle the Fourth Estate.

With these overlapping yet contradictory qualities of the Philippine Media, it is inevitable that many will question the nature of these controls. Are these regulations instituted merely as safeguards to the Bill of Rights or are they an attempt at authoritarian regulation which goal is to attain conformity from the otherwise predominantly leftist press? Simply, are these controls formulated ultimately to cow the Fourth Estate? Is this institution of government restriction a precursor to the return of authoritarian control over the media?

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South Korea media system

South Korea is, by all measures, a media-rich country. As of 2002, this country of over forty-seven million people had as many as 116 daily newspapers, with the top three of its national dailies boasting circulation of more than two million copies each. Television is ubiquitous, too, with two national networks, over forty cable channels, and a digital satellite broadcasting service offering seventy-four channels. Additionally, some 6,500 periodicals—2,000 weeklies, 3,300 monthlies and 1,200 quarterlies—bombard the media market, each targeting its own share in the general as well as segmented audiences. 

Koreans are avid users of new communication technologies as well. The availability and adoption of new communication devices in South Korea is on a par with the world’s most industrialized countries. In a market of free economy and electoral democracy, Korea’s mass media and its press fiercely compete among themselves while benefiting from a high degree of freedom from formal constraint. 

Yet such a rosy picture of South Korea’s media also has an undertone of anomaly in an odd mix of today’s modernity and yesterday’s traditional society. The anomaly surfaces in the form of instability, contradictions, irregularity, and cohabitation of old and new values and practices, especially in the present transitional phase of Korea’s rapid industrialization. Press freedom is a case in point. The press enjoys a constitutionally guaranteed freedom, but often it behaves as if it doesn’t have much freedom in its coverage of certain sensitive subjects such as the powerful military or the incumbent president.

This anomaly goes beyond the press circles, and is rather societal in scope, as Korea exhibited it, or tried to conceal it, for instance, during soccer’s 2002 FIFA World Cup competition. On May 31, 2002, South Korea (as co-host of the games) had it officially declared open by the country’s president, Nobel Peace laureate Kim Dae-jung. The opening event, a high-tech showcase plus traditional dances, was colorful and festive, but Kim himself was not a happy man at the time. The youngest of his three sons was in jail under influence-peddling charges, while his second son also was being investigated by the national prosecution for similar accusations. His political opponents declared a sort of truce for the month-long World Cup period as a “national face-saving” gesture. For the sake of national pride, even the President’s opponents felt the need to keep “dirty clothes” in the closet while throngs of foreign soccer tourists were visiting the country.

The press of South Korea is a noisy, vibrant and powerful entity. This power, often elitist, is a legacy from the history of its press. The modern press in Korea began as weeklies in the 1890s during the waning days of the Chosun Dynasty (1392 to 1910). The hermit kingdom wanted to awaken their subjects to the rapidly modernizing world outside by offering a modern press. Enlightening the public was the primary objective of the press. When Japan colonized Korea in 1910, weeklies turned dailies, and privately owned dailies began to play the role of educators and independence fighters. Many of the reporters and editors themselves conceived of their role in that way. For survival the press learned to compromise with the colonial ruling powers during the years between 1910 and 1945. This legacy served the Korean press very well after Korea’s independence in 1948 and during the subsequent despotic and military regimes in the 1960s through the 1980s.

The same tradition thrives in today’s Korean press. There is a healthy dose of skepticism toward the powerful in the civilian rule, balanced with a certain degree of compromise with the ruling power if necessary for business interests or survival. While the press is commercially sponsored and motivated to maximize profits, it often is considered an institution of public good or as a part of the ruling elite. A rising number of civil-society groups find this press behavior hypocritical, and demands the press be reformed from inside out by observing fair practices in competition and by honoring editorial independence that the press claims it practices. Press freedom for the people, not for the owners of the press, is a rallying cry of such civic groups.

The South Korean press benefits from the availability of a highly literate audience. The adult literacy rate is estimated to be over 97 percent; since literacy is not a national concern anymore, the Ministry of Education has stopped estimating it. Further, all Koreans speak the same language and Korea is a single-race society, although they have regional dialects and regionally based prejudices and rivalries. There are some negative consequences of this unidimensional character but, for the press, it is a wonderfully convenient market of audiences. Koreans practice various religions—52 percent Christian and 46 percent Buddhist—but Confucianism as Korea’s prevailing credo unifies them all as one national community. The South Korean territory is one contiguous lot, hence the convenience in reaching all corners daily at the same time. The subscription fees to dailies, about $8 monthly, are an affordable rate given the rising affluence in the Korean economy.

Therefore it is no wonder that all dailies, especially the national papers, fiercely compete to capture the largest possible share of the same general audience. All major media groups are based in Seoul, the capital city. Seoul is more than a center of politics; it is the hub of Korea’s business, economy, education, culture and arts, transportation, and most other areas of culture. It is a huge metropolitan area of some eleven million people, almost one quarter of Korea’s population. Another 24 percent resides in the province adjacent to, and surrounding, the capital city. Korea’s ten national general-interest dailies, mostly morning papers, are all based in Seoul. These national dailies set the pace of news and national agendas together with the increasing power of national television networks. The circulation of the national dailies is truly nationwide; some of the big dailies run locally based printing facilities to serve the readers in the provincial areas more efficiently.

The national papers publish 44 to 52 standard-sized pages daily. They all use the Korean language Hangeul . Until late 1990s, some of them printed editorial texts in vertical lines, progressing from right to left; also inter mixing the Korean text with a limited number of Chinese characters. In the early twenty-first century the sole use of Hangeul is universal, and the text lines are horizontal as in the Western press. One physical difference in the look of the Korean press is the prominent display of some major advertising on the bottom half of the front pages because it is the most expensive ad space.

Although all the ten national dailies strive to be quality papers that stress hard news, their news stories tend to be relatively short, which in turn is an indication that in-depth reporting is the exception not the rule.

Besides the general-interest national dailies, there are five business-financial dailies, two English-language dailies (The Korea Times and The Korea Herald ), three children’s dailies, a couple of electronic industry news dailies, and four sports dailies. These sports dailies are more like the popular press of the West. They are openly sensational with gossipy stories and revealing photos of popular entertainment figures on the front pages. In content and emphasis, they are more like entertainment dailies. Sometimes the sports sections of the national dailies are more informative than the so-called sports dailies. Indeed, the national dailies often dispatch more of their sports staff to major international sports events like the Olympic Games than the sports dailies do. It is not an understatement to say that these sports dailies operate primarily to make money by sensationalizing news. 

The English-language dailies serve the non-Korean community, especially the U.S. military contingent. There are about 37,000 U.S. troops stationed in South Korea. The nation’s economy and foreign trade is ever expanding so there are increasing numbers of visiting business people who find the English-language dailies useful. The Korea Times is an independently owned paper, while The Korea Herald grew as a government-subsidized outlet. In recent years, a growing number of college students subscribe to the English-language papers for their interest in learning English. Too many Koreans, and the younger generation in particular, learning English is a sort of obsession. Competency in English is a must to landing a good job at many institutions in Korea. One prominent multinational corporation based in Korea now requires its employees to communicate solely in English in their offices. Some colleges and universities began to offer a certain number of their non-language courses in English. 

There are thirty-nine local daily papers in Korea, published in nine provinces; they are mostly based in provincial capital cities and other urban centers. Their daily issues range between 24-36 pages long. Compared to the national dailies, their circulation is quite small—25,000 to 50,000 copies at most. Most Koreans residing in provincial areas take the national dailies as must reading while treating their local dailies as a supplementary source of news. However, most local papers try to be comprehensive papers by treating national news as prominently as the national dailies do, and then they strive to compete against the national dailies on their own turf. To make their business more difficult, most national dailies insert a few pages of local coverage in their provincially targeting editions.

Only two of the local dailies are known to be successful as the leading dailies in their respective city: the Busan Ilbo and the Daegu Maeil Daily . Their base cities, Busan and Daegu, are large: 3.5 million and 2.7 million residents respectively. They are the next politically and economically vibrant metropolitan areas, after Seoul. These two papers look like the prosperous metropolitan papers in the United States. Except for these two, the majority of Korean local dailies are weak in assets, heavily indebted, small in circulation, and relatively ineffective as news media. Even among the ten national dailies, only five are known to generate profits, with the other five only surviving with heavy loans for debt and budget shortfall. Such papers generally serve the interest of their owners as a shield for their businesses, as a tool for the owners’ influence, and sometimes as a base of their political power in their respective region. Nominally, local papers may also serve as a symbol of civic pride in moderately sized cities.

As indicated above, the general-interest national dailies are the principal players of news in Korea. The day’s top stories on their front pages, quite often identical across the ten different papers, make the entire nation talk and debate about them as priority concerns of the time. Of the ten, three leading papers— Chosun Ilbo, Joongang Ilbo , and Dong-a Ilbo —are truly the biggest; their combined circulation of 6.9 million copies constitutes 74 percent of Korea’s total daily circulation of 9.4 million, as of May 2002. These three papers constitute a monopoly, and they engage themselves in cutthroat competitions for hegemony. 

The Chosun Ilb , arguably the largest-circulation daily, is also the most influential in Korea. Like other leading dailies, this paper is a mammoth media complex, publishing not only the main vernacular paper but a weekly newsmagazine, a monthly magazine, a women’s monthly, a children’s daily, and a sports daily. The company owns an art gallery and a tourist hotel, too. It also sponsors a variety of promotional programs like an annual literary debut award, arts and cultural presentations, sports events, and special lecture series on salient social issues. It is a family-owned media group like other leading dailies; its owner publisher, Bang Sang-hoon, serves as a vice chairman of the Executive Board of the International Press Institute. Its editorial direction is independent and conservative, hence the voice of Korea’s traditionally conservative mainstream power structure. Its politics coverage is a must reading in the political circles. To President Kim, a left-of-center politician, Chosun Ilbo is an archenemy. Being the most influential and prestigious paper in Korea, the Chosun Ilbo draws plenty of top talents to its newsroom and taps well-known intellectuals as contributors. It enjoys an upper hand in the competitive newspaper market.

The Joong-ang Ilbo , the second-largest circulation daily, used to be owned by Korea’s leading multinational business conglomerate Samsung Group. It is now independent and family owned but most Koreans suspect the tie with Samsung is still there in the operation of the paper. A relative latecomer, the paper is generally conservative in editorial leaning, but progressive and innovative in its management and editorial design. For this, it appeals to the career-minded professional class of the population. It publishes the Korean edition of the Newsweek magazine besides a general-interest monthly magazine and women’s monthly. A staunch supporter of free-market practices, it attracts a large number of readers for its business and financial news coverage. In the 1997 presidential elections, it unabashedly endorsed President Kim’s opponent. For this, the paper’s readership paid dearly. In 1999, President Kim’s government arrested the paper’s owner publisher Hong Seok-hyun under tax evasion charges; Mr. Hong was tried, found guilty, jailed briefly and later released on bail. Aside from the legality, jailing a prominent publisher was an unprecedented happening even the previous military rulers had not resorted to. In spite of the ordeal Mr. Hong had suffered on his own home turf, he was elected to presidency of the World Association of Newspapers in 2002.

The last of the top three, Dong-a Ilbo , used to be the pre-eminent critic of Korea’s previous military or dictatorial regimes. During the civilian rule now, this paper still exerts its critical approach to uncovering ills and irregularities in all sectors from government to business. Since the scandal-ridden government of President Kim being the paper’s frequent target, the relationship between the two is frosty and antagonistic. This paper also is family owned and is a media group of its own with a very prestigious monthly, a weekly newsmagazine, and children’s daily, and other publications. In 2001 the publisher of this paper, together with the publisher of the Chosun Ilbo , was arrested and briefly jailed under charges of accounting irregularities and tax evasion. The case is still pending as of 2002, but the damage was done to both parties— credibility of the media and image of the incumbent president as a democratic leader.

Another paper, the Hankook Ilbo , used to be a big-league player with the other three, but it slipped from that club in the 1990s after the passing of its legendary and energetic founder-publisher Chang Key-young. The next generation of the Chang family did not do very well in managing the media complex the elder Chang had founded. Suffering from a huge debt, this paper survives on loans, and for that many observers speculate that its demise is a certainty and the only question is when. Its sister papers include the English-language daily The Korea Times , a children’s daily, and a business daily. This paper has a reputation for playing soft-subject news such as entertainment, arts and culture, sports, and interesting foreign news. It has been the primary sponsor of Miss Korea beauty pageants. With such editorial emphasis, it had a huge appeal to the younger generation who did not particularly like the hard-news orientation and ostensibly elitist approach taken by other leading papers.

Besides the four above, there are six other national dailies that belong in a minor league in terms of their circulation sizes. The Kyunghyang Shinmun is unique for its own employees owning the paper. The Hankyoreh Shin-mun is noted for its progressive editorial emphasis. Founded in early 1980s after the death of Korea’s first military ruler Park Chung-hee, this paper serves as the voice of center-left politics in Korea, hence an ally to President Kim Dae-jung, and the origin of its birth resembles Spain’s El País . It was founded by a group of sympathizers who all contributed to the paper in the form of stock ownership. One of its standing editorial concerns is criticism of Korea’s conservative newspapers, especially the big three and in particular The Chosun Ilbo . It also strongly supports South’s reconciliation policy toward the North Korean regime. There is a paper serving as a government organ, Korea Daily News. Formerly named Seoul Shinmun , it is functional in at least one respect—good for deciphering the intent of the ruling regime on salient issues or governmental policies. 

There are two national dailies founded by religious organizations: Kukmin Daily and Segye Times . The former is run by a locally prominent Christian group and the latter by the Rev. Sun Myung Moon’s Unification Church. Their coverage of news is not in general religiously tilted, but their primary readership comes from their own religious following. There is one more national daily, Munhwa Ilbo , a paper founded by Korea’s other multinational business conglomerate Hyundai Group, better known for its Hyundai cars. Munhwa in Korean means culture; there was an intent to carve a niche in arts and culture as its specialization. But over time, it has rather been seen as a front for the founding business group, especially for its founder’s politics at the beginning. Hyundai’s founder Chung Ju-yung once entertained a political ambition to run the country himself. In fact, he ran as a minor-party candidate in the 1992 presidential elections. At that time, many Koreans who admired his business acumen rather wished that he had better devote his life to the things he did very well, that is, making Hyundai cars and promoting them. 

All these dailies, national and local combined, publish some 9.4 million copies for a population of forty-seven million people. That averages to 213 copies per 1,000 people. A national readership survey, conducted in December 2000 by the Media Today , a weekly journalism review, showed that 51.3 percent of the nation’s households subscribe to daily newspapers. Subscription figures in Korea are best estimates by external parties of interest like the advertising sponsors’ organization. Traditionally, Korean dailies do not reveal their circulations or participate in the Korea Audit Bureau of Circulations programs. They all exaggerate their circulation sizes. To make the matter worse, they all distribute a large number of promotional copies—31 percent of their circulations in one estimate—as a way of baiting readers and beating competitions. 

CHRISTINE MAY CABUYOC

BCR 4-2

CENTRUM MULTI VITAMINS

Centrum Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement

Centrum is a brand of multivitamins produced by Wyeth, which is now a part of Pfizeris. It is a complete multivitamin and mineral formula complete from A to Zinc. Other multivitamin brands only have Vitamin C and B-complex but Centrum has 30 vitamins and minerals, 15 of which are at 100% U.S. RDA.

Indication and Usage

The Centrum Center for Nutrition Science believes that a multivitamin/mineral supplement is a rational and scientifically-based approach to help ensure adequate nutrient intake for those people who are not consuming the recommend number of servings from each of the food groups as outlined in the Food Guide Pyramid.

Furthermore, circumstances exist where particular lifestyle groups are nutritionally vulnerable and may benefit from taking a multivitamin/ mineral supplement or the like. For instance, children, women of child-bearing age, pregnant or lactating women, tobacco users and the elderly are populations that have higher vitamin and mineral requirements due to increased need or decreased absorption of certain nutrients. A multivitamin/mineral supplement can serve as an “insurance policy” against micronutrient deficiencies for some of these people and others who do not eat a balanced diet

Dosage:

• Adults – 1 tablet per day

Available in:

• Tablet form that is individually packed in foil, sold in 100’s or 12’s boxes

Additional Information

• Centrum is the no.1 multivitamin in the world and is the official multivitamin of the Filipino Athletes
• Centrum has been a major supporter of the Philippine Sports Commission since 2002
• Centrum has been a Reader’s Digest Golden Trust awardee for four consecutive years since 2004.

A Good Vitamin

Centrum is by far the most affordable and most complete multivitamin I can find in the market today. I’ve always trusted this brand. Time came when I was looking for a cheaper alternative, which I did find. Unfortunately, these other brands did not have a list of vitamins and minerals as long as those in Centrum. I’m also undecided on the multivitamins with herbal stuff. So, I stuck with Centrum. It may have been a few bucks more expensive but it offers the most. I’d like to say how I feel better but this really isn’t the case with multivitamins. You shouldn’t expect to feel like bouncing off a wall the minute you take a pill. But what I can report is that my body is better able to handle stress. I feel less tired and feel like I have a consistent source of energy. I also seem to have a strong resistance against illness. With that, I can confidently say that Centrum is doing its job. I recommend this for people who don’t have a supplement to add to their diets.

So far, I think this brand gives you the most, is very basic, and does not fall for all the herb-of-the-season hype like othermultivitamins. It gives the right amount you need to help fight off stress on a daily basis. I also like this brand simply because it’s worth every penny.

Various reviews were available online regarding on the effectiveness of the Centrum multivitamins, some are positive and overwhelming, especially on the part of the manufactures. And like of other things in the world, it also have various negative write ups about its effects on a person’s state of health. 

Centrum Promotions

Promotions or advertisements plays a very important function in the success of a certain product or company. Promotions made a product gained the popularity among the consumer population through using different famous celebrities that has a great power of persuasion and attracts more number of audiences. 

Centrum has able to properly and efficiently utilized the power of product promotions through series of TV and radio ads using well-known and trusted Filipino celebrities as their endorsers. 

Such of those celebrities that have been part of Centrum’s line-ups of TV and radio commercials, as well print ads are Angel Locsin and Piolo Pascual. Two celebrities, that as we all know, have a powerful charisma among the audiences and loved by the masses. 

CHRISTINE MAY CABUYOC

BCR 4-2

GUIDELINES IN USING TUMBLR.COM

Trademark Guidelines

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If you don’t agree to follow these guidelines, you don’t have a right to, and shouldn’t, use the Tumblr Marks. To help us address future branding concerns, we may modify these guidelines from time to time without notice to you. You’re responsible for following any modified terms, so you should review these guidelines and become familiar with any modifications we make.

Why does Tumblr have to protect its Marks? Trademark law in the U.S. and other jurisdictions requires mark-holders to protect against improper or confusingly similar use of their marks, so that end users aren’t misled about the origin and endorsement of products and services. In some cases, mark-holders can lose their trademarks if they don’t protect them.

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Tumblr Merchandise

You shouldn’t use the Tumblr Marks on any merchandise without our permission. If you have great ideas for Tumblr merchandise, send us an e-mail to support@tumblr.com.

Use of the Tumblr API

If you use our API in your application or service, we ask that you follow these guidelines and, if your application or service displays any Tumblr Marks associated with Tumblr features made available through the API, somewhere include the statement:

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If you don’t follow these guidelines, Tumblr reserves the right to revoke your access to our API.

CHRISTINE MAY CABUYOC

BCR 4-2

BAD EXPERIENCE!!

Everybody uses different internet sites for their own needs, satisfaction and pleasure. Youtube, Google, Tumblr, Twitter are just some of few numbers of most visiting sites worldwide, and of course Facebook as the number one. It doesn’t matter whether you are too young, young at heart or old enough, studying, working or jobless. As long as you have the knowledge of using Facebook site you can enjoy it as long as you want.

Cyber bullying is very common not just here in the Philippines but also all over the world. No one is excuse in cyber bullying, even actors/ actresses, politicians and other famous personalities becomes victim of it. I still remember when I was a 2^nd year college student, it is my nature to speak so loudly and make face when I am talking to anyone, but sadly, one of my Professor get mad at me when I made one to him. He degraded me on front of our class. It was my first time to experience to a shameful circumstance in my whole entire life. I know that I also had a very big mistake and I am really sorry for that but it is not my intention.

Upon travelling home, I am crying, that’s why my co-passengers looked and wandered about my actuation. Before going straight to our home, I went to internet café to make an apology message to my Professor, while I am still crying and felt so problematic about what happened. At night, he responded to my message, he told me what’s wrong with me, and let me know that it is not good to do what I usually did. He even apologized to what he did to me and say sorry for what he said. It was a relief, it made me stop crying but I still feel the bad feelings.

But the most painful thing came the other day. I received a message from one Facebook user, I knew that it made just for me, it has no information even a simple profile picture, as in it is exclusively made for me, and I am the only friend of that user. The message were “Panira ka sa BCR” and “ Mag-drop ka na lang”. It was so raw, I started crying again and again. I was so ashamed for what happened. It made me wonder who did it. At first I just thought that maybe it was from the other section. Later on I started suspecting 3 of my classmates, but the saddest part was when I found out that the one who did it is the one whom I didn’t imagine to do that kind of bullying. I already have the forgiveness of my Professor, I am so blessed by that, but why do my classmate have to do it with me? I knew that I’ve been mistaken, but he has no right to do that one to me or to anybody else. That incident was traumatized, I got fever for two weeks and it was hard for me to deal with my companion as what I did before.

Cyber bullying happens everywhere and no one is excuse for that. It is not good and definitely hurts someone’s feeling. Even though I already experienced that kind of bullying, I will never ever stop using Facebook, my favorite internet site.

CHRISTINE MAY CABUYOC 

BCR 4-2

Primetime TV Analysis: Who is the BEST?

Primetime TV Analysis: Who is the BEST?

Television in the Philippines is said to be going down, as proven by a declined of 4% between the years 2008 and 2010 in its TV viewership according to the Yahoo Nielsen Media Index 2010, but still consider to be the King, having a vast reach on the mass audiences and can relate to different class of people. 

And Television, with all the different forms of media, illustrates the very basic and main power of media - to inform, to educate, and influence the public.

Television is a very powerful media tool that could easily influence and affect not only the way people’s living but as well as the way the society evolves. Television has this power to both build a society, to build a new perspectives about the world, to build a new set of cultures, traditions, and beliefs; and it also contains this power to destroy - the society, the way the people lives, and even distract a nation’s state of peace and order. 

While mostly insiders oftentimes deny this allegations, with the argument that Television is just merely for entertainment, it is clearly obvious that both adults and young learn a great deal from just merely watching television day by day.   

In our society, the trends that currently we all have from the fashion, education, leisure, entertainment and technology are all basically considered to be influenced and set by television.

The Philippine Television

As the first country in Asia to have a television that broadcasted in full blown colored picture, as represented by ABS-CBN, and also considered to be first TV station in Asia to have a high-technological advanced media facilities back then, Philippine TV industry has a very colorful history and played a very vital functions that shaped our contry’s history.

Philippine TV industry is considered to be one of the very active television industry in Asia that enjoys a freedom of expression, as given by the Philippine Constitution.

With different television stations that are privately owned and government controlled stations, ABS-CBN 2, GMA 7 and TV5 are the top three broadcast media organizations in the country that caters the need of the Filipino people for entertainment and information.

These stations operates typically from 4:00 AM in the morning till past midnight, targeting different classes of media audiences. With their whole span of operation in a day, the Primetime block that represents the time of 6:00 in the evening until 11PM is the most very crucial and important block in a network’s time blocks.

The Primetime Block

Primetime is the programming block of a television network during the middle of the evening, it basically covers the time from 6PM till 11PM in the evening.

Primetime blocks in the Philippine TV industry have not become something to be serious about until this close competitions between the top networks have sprouted and further heated. 

Here in the Philippines, TV primetime block are usually consists of Soap Operas, also commonly called as Teleserye and Telenovela, that the Filipino people really do love - and it is a hard fact, Filipinos are really Soap Operas lovers, and it can be traced all the way back during the dominancy days of the radio drama programs.

Primetime block of a TV programming nowadays is seen to be dominated by different Teleseryes, both locally produced, and canned teleseryes like of those Asian telenovelas that are just translated to Filipino. 

Soap operas in The Philippines originated when Gulong ng Palad was first heard on the radio in 1949. The genre then expanded into television in the early 1960s. The first Philippine TV soap opera was Hiwaga sa Bahay na Bato in 1963, and was produced by ABS-CBN. Liwanag ng Pag-ibig, Prinsipe Amante, and many others soon followed.

The “soaps” were usually shown during daytime, however in 1996, soap opera programming was moved to primetime due to the popularity gained by the Mexican telenovela, Marimar, which aired in The Philippines on RPN 9. This marked the start of the telenovela craze in The Philippines. Major networks followed the trend by showing local and foreign telenovelas in their respective timeslots.

Eventually, Philippine primetime began to focus on serial dramas and anthologies; both becoming highly watched programs. And in 2008, TV5 revived serial dramas for Philippine Primetime television.

In 2000, ABS-CBN, made a milestone move in television when it introduced Pangako sa ‘Yo, which has since been known to be the first official teleserye, and Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay. These teleseryes set the standard for present teleserye productions in The Philippines. This new genre became a big hit in the country, and its popularity was soon spread to other countries. Because of this phenomenon, subsequent soap operas shown on television have regularly come to be referred to as teleseryes while GMA Network officially began referring to their television dramas as teledramas.

ABS-CBN did a remake of the longest running teleserye, Mara Clara and Mula Sa Puso. TV5 did also a remake of the longest running teleserye, Valiente.

Aside from Soap Operas, TV primetime block in the Philippines will not be complete without the different newscasts, such as TV Patrol, in which the newscast that dominates the primetime block for more than twenty years. 

Primetime Programming Before

I still can recall that during the time when I was still a kid, back then, primetime programming of the top three TV networks - ABS-CBN 2, GMA 7, and TV5 - is quit different from its primetime programming nowadays.

I still can recall, that if nowadays, primetime block are mostly composed of teleseryes that are locally produced and those canned programs, primetime programming before are composed of different cartoons and animes. 

ABS-CBN 2

With respect to my recollection, on the part of ABS-CBN, I can remember Digimon series that is aired during primetime, though newscasts and Teleseryes are already part of the primetime block that time, there are still room for various genres that aired during primetime.

ABS-CBN also used its primetime block on airing different movies especially those of action films like the FPJ films and others, also aired different movies of Regal Films as the movie outfit made a contract back then with ABS-CBN on airing their produced movies.  

Prior to the primetime block back then, news and public affairs programs were aired unlike now that it is just aired after the primetime block. I still can recall various news public affairs programs like of Pipol, Balitang K, and that horror program hosted by news anchor Tony Velasquez. 

Sitcoms also ruled the ABS-CBN’s primetime block before, with one sitcom a day, it also dominated the block, who can ever forget the top rated sitcoms like of “Home Along Da Riles”, “Oki Dok”, “Bida si Mister, Bida si Misis”, and others, that all being shown during primetime. 

TV5

TV5 which is ABC 5 back then also airs different Animes and Cartoon programs during its primetime block, and as a kid back then, I really do love to watch it. Such of those programs are the Dragon League, Sailormoon, Transformers, and others.

ABC 5 have also gave its primetime block back then to the live airing of the different plays of the Philippines Basketball Association (PBA), wherein ABC5 have bacame the home for PBA for how many years.

ABC 5  like the other top networks during those time also have made an effort to equal what the other networks can offer with respect to their primetime programming, this was done by conceptualizing different programs that also became a hit and also captured the attention of the viewing public, such of those are the WOW Mali of Joey de Leon, Ispup, and O-gag which later renamned as Ogags. 

GMA 7

I want to be honest, I really wasn’t able to monitor or even witnessed the GMA 7’s primetime programming before. And as I’m going to make this analysis, I will just going to rely on documentary evidences that will describe and give proof to the GMA 7’s primtime programming before. 

GMA 7 also do offers teleseryes even before, trying to challenge what ABS-CBN can offers. Aside from ABS-CBN, GMA  is also known by producing high caliber Soap Operas that also captured the heart of the Filipino viewers.

The Today’s Primetime Block

The today’s primetime programming is a very different with what our parents used to witnessed and watched during their time and even during time when we are still kids.

Network war and changing Filipinos’ lifestyles have affected the presentation of primetime shows, who ever thinks that a “Noontime format show will going to capture the primetime block? Or the reality shows?

Though primetime newscasts are still there, programming changes, the block that also formerly caters anime’s and others are now devoted its primetime blocks on various programs that has high return of money from advertisement, such as the telenovelas, game shows, reality shows and even variety shows.   

These changes in the genres of programs showed during primetime is just an answer with the changing lifestyle of the Filipinos.

Primetime block that covers the time of 6PM to 11PM is the most very crucial and important time block in the TV networks’ programming especially for ABS-CBN 2, GMA 7 a nd TV5, for in the primetime block , most advertisers put their large loads of advertisements. For it is the time when family members’ are already at home and with their family, furthermore, it is also the time for working people to relax and take a rest after a very tiring working day.

Nowadays, ABS-CBN, GMA, and TV5 offers the same genres of programs - Soap Operas, canned programs, newscasts and reality shows - all are just the same except for one, for the program “Willing-Willie” now  named as WilTime Bigtime of TV5, for the first time a  ”noontime show” format program is in the primetime block.  

Though game shows already ruled the primetime block even before the “Willing Willie”, such as “Game Ka Na Ba?”, “Kapamilya Deal or No Deal”, and others, “Willing Willie” or known now as “Wil Time Bigtime” have seriously threatened the ABS-CBN 2 and of GMA 7. This resulted to the reformatting of ABS-CBN’s longest running primetime newscast “TV Patrol”, and made for the comeback of broadcast veterans and pillars of the industry, Noli “Kabayan” de Castro and Korina Sanchez. And after TV Patrol was reformatted, GMA7’s “24 Oras” also have also went reformatting staying Mike Enriquez and Mel Tiangco as its main news presentors. 

It is for the first time in the history of the Philippine TV, especially in the primetime block, that a Variety show like of “Wil Time Bigtime” has goes against the primetime newscasts. 

Right now, ABS-CBN’s official primetime block is started from the program “Maria La Del Barrio”, a Filipino version of the Mexican novela Maria la del Barrio of Thalia, at 5 :45 PM and ended with a telenovela from Korea, the “City Hunter”. TV5 on the other hand, is having its primetime block programming through offering first a  newscast, the “Aksyon” at 5:45 PM and  ended its primetime  block with also a newscast, the “Balita Pilipinas”. Meanwhile, GMA 7’s primetime block has the shortest time compared with the primetime block of the other two stations, ABS-CBN and TV5, for its primetime programming started at 6:30 PM through their newscast ” 24 Oras” and ended with also a Koreanovela, “Dongyi” and “Bubble Gang” for Fridays. 

Competition

Primetime competition nowadays have further heated up and in a close fight between the three  major networks in the country - ABS-CBN, GMA, and TV5. From the formerly two way TV ratings, primetime TV ratings was turned in a three-way  battle than we previously have. This was brought about by the developments in TV5’s primetime programming.

Back then,  primetime block was mainly dominated by ABS-CBN for how many years through its different Soap Operas that already part of the country’s television history , such as Mara Clara, Mula Sa Puso, Pangako Sa’yo, Sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggang and many more.

But then, primetime programming competition started in 2004 when production of numerous GMA Network shows was up against its rival network, ABS-CBN. Reality program, Extra Challenge started to lead the game and with launch of telefantasya Mulawin. On September 23, 2004, GMA Network finally gained in leadership Mega Manila against its closest competitor.In 2005, GMA Network began producing Mars Ravelo’s Darna, a classic Filipino comic book character which became an instant hit, with an overnight rating of 47.7 percent, the highest rating for a pilot episode and the first telefantasya to reached 52.1 percent ratings; followed by Encantadia at 47.2 percent and other prime-time telefantasyas,Mulawin (2004) and Sugo (2005) contributed to GMA Network lead in Mega Manila. In 2006, GMA Network maintained its primetime supremacy by reformatting its reality-based program Extra Challenge and another telefantasya Encantadia (which was succeeded by sequels, Etheria and Encantadia: Pag-ibig Hanggang Wakas), and the localized subtitled versions of Korean television series Stairway to Heaven, Full House, Jewel in the Palace and My Name is Kim Sam Soon.In 2007, GMA Network started producing the local version of a Mexican television series MariMar. For its pilot episode, MariMar got 52.6 percent overnight rating, making it the only soap operate to achieve the highest ratings in GMA Network’s history. In a 2006 survey conducted by Pulse Asia, seven out of 10 Metro Manila-based viewers find GMA Network a more credible network than rival ABS-CBN.GMA Network managed to lead in Mega Manila and Southern Luzon demographic, which has the highest concentration of television ownership and 79 percent of advertisement placement.The National Urban Television Audience Measurement was officially launched on October 16, 2006 to determine the television ratings and audience share of local TV programs from the different urban areas in the Philippines. This changes the broadcast industry landscape and the manner in which the advertisers allocate their TV investments to achieve cost efficiency and maximization. In August 2007 audience rating data shows GMA Network maintained its lead in Mega Manila, which resulted to a 23 percent growth in its consolidated net income to PhP1.13 billion in the first half of the year from PhP915 million in the same period last year.GMA Network income grew by 23 percent year-on-year to PhP1.126 billion in the first six months of the year. Mega Manila accounts 49 percent of total TV households. The Mega Manila and Luzon markets combined accounts 76 percent of the total TV households. It earned PhP2.3 billion in 2007. In 2011, GMA Network maintained the lead in the national television ratings mentioning figures from Nielsen TV Audience Measurement for the period of January 1 to February 13, 2011. It had 33.2 percent audience shared based on overnight data, higher than ABS-CBN’s 31.8 percent and TV5’s 14.9 percent. It also leads in Urban Luzon, which makes up 77 percent of total television households in the Philippines. GMA Network posted 9.8 point lead with 36.5 points compared with closest competitor, ABS-CBN’s 26.7 points and imposing a 19.6 point lead from TV5’s 16.9. GMA Network also sustained to beat ABS-CBN in Mega Manila, which accounts 58 percent of television household. It got 37.7 percent share over ABS-CBN25.2 percent and TV5’s 17.7 percent, 20 points higher.

TV Ratings

There’ s might be two different perspectives when it comes to the issue that touches the TV ratings, expecially for the top 2 TV stations , ABS-CBN 2 and GMA 7. 

One  might say that they are the number one, while the other will also argue that they are the real number one. And it also depends on what audience measurement agencies that conducted the survey 

This closed competition and ratings rivalry have become the main reason for the top networks to work on their different TV programs, and try invent different new programmings. 

But there is this reality with regard on who really the number one network:

*That ABS-CBN dominates the primetime block from Mondays to Sundays.

*That GMA 7 dominates the day time programming, especially the morning block.

ABS-CBN’s dominancy of the primetime block is already a clear evidence on how good are the primetime programs of the Kapamilya with compared to those of GMA 7 and TV5.

Here is a sample result s of TV ratings from Kantar Media for February 21 to 23, 2012:

February 21, 2012 (Tuesday)

Daytime:

Kape’t Pandasal (0.2%)
XXX (Exklusibong Explosibong Expose) (Replay) (0.6%) vs. I-Witness The GMA Documentaries (Replay) (1.3%)
Umagang Kay Ganda (4.8%) / Sailormoon (4.9%) vs. Unang Hirit (4.7%)
Naruto Shippuuden (Season 4) (5.0%) vs. Tom And Jerry (7.9%) / Detective Conan (9.1%)
Kris Tv (7.1%) vs. Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (9.1%) / Slamdunk (8.1%) / Knock Out (10.0%)
Kapamilya Blockbusters (11.0%) vs. Kapuso Movie Festival (11.2%)
It’s Showtime (9.0%) vs. Chef Boy Logro Kusina Master (15.3%) / Eat… Bulaga! (19.9%)
Mundo Man Ay Magunaw (9.8%) vs. Kokak (12.5%)
Angelito Batang Ama (11.6%) vs. The Good Daughter (11.5%)
Pinoy Big Brother Unliday (11.2%) vs. Broken Vow (12.1%)
Lumayo Ka Man Sa Akin (11.3%) vs. It Started With A Kiss (8.7%)

Primetime:

Maria La Del Barrio (18.7%) vs. Alice Bungisngis And Her Wonder Walis (11.3%)
TV Patrol (27.2%) vs. 24 Oras (19.6%) vs. Wil Time Bigtime (9.0%)
Eboy (28.1%) vs. Biritera (20.1%)
Walang Hanggan (33.2%) vs. My Beloved (18.4%) vs. Nandito Ako (3.0%)
Budoy (29.3%) / Pinoy Big Brother Unlinight (19.2%) vs. Legacy (16.5%) vs. Valiente (2.9%)
City Hunter (12.8%) vs. Dongyi (13.8%) / Super Sine Prime (3.0%)
Bandila (4.8%) vs. Saksi Liga Ng Katotohanan (6.7%) vs. Pilipinas News (1.3%)
Patrol Ng Pilipino (2.3%) vs. Reporter’s Notebook (4.2%) vs. Journo (0.8%) vs. Juicy! (0.3%) / Jojo A. All The Way!!! (0.1%)

February 22, 2012 (Wednesday)

Daytime:

Kape’t Pandasal (0.0%)
Patrol Ng Pilipino (Replay) (0.4%) vs. Reporter’s Notebook (Replay) (0.7%)
Umagang Kay Ganda (4.6%) / Sailormoon (4.7%) vs. Unang Hirit (4.7%)
Naruto Shippuuden (Season 4) (5.0%) vs. Tom And Jerry (8.0%) / Detective Conan (8.7%)
Kris Tv (7.0%) vs. Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (8.9%) / Slamdunk (9.0%) / Knock Out (9.5%)
Kapamilya Blockbusters (10.3%) vs. Kapuso Movie Festival (11.5%)
It’s Showtime (9.9%) vs. Chef Boy Logro Kusina Master (15.6%) / Eat… Bulaga! (20.0%)
Mundo Man Ay Magunaw (10.7%) vs. Kokak (13.0%)
Angelito Batang Ama (12.5%) vs. The Good Daughter (12.7%)
Pinoy Big Brother Unliday (10.9%) vs. Broken Vow (12.8%)
Lumayo Ka Man Sa Akin (10.9%) vs. It Started With A Kiss (8.8%)

Primetime:

Maria La Del Barrio (17.3%) vs. Alice Bungisngis And Her Wonder Walis (10.3%)
TV Patrol (26.5%) vs. 24 Oras (17.2%) vs. Wil Time Bigtime (8.3%)
Eboy (28.1%) vs. Biritera (19.0%)
Walang Hanggan (32.9%) vs. My Beloved (18.5%) vs. Nandito Ako (3.6%)
Budoy (28.9%) / Pinoy Big Brother Unlinight (19.1%) vs. Legacy (16.1%) vs. Valiente (3.1%)
City Hunter (12.7%) vs. Dongyi (12.0%) vs. Super Sine Prime (3.8%)
Bandila (4.6%) vs. Saksi Liga Ng Katotohanan (5.1%) vs. Pilipinas News (1.9%)
Ako Ang Simula (2.4%) vs. Born To Be Wild (2.6%) vs. Anggulo (1.1%) / Juicy! (1.1%) / Jojo A. All The Way!!! (0.4%)

February 23, 2012 (Thursday)

Daytime:

Kape’t Pandasal (0.2%)
Matanglawin (Replay) (0.6%) vs. Born To Be Wild (Replay) (1.3%)
Umagang Kay Ganda (4.5%) vs. Unang Hirit (4.9%)
Sailormoon (5.9%) vs. Tom And Jerry (8.8%)
Naruto Shippuuden (Season 4) (6.9%) vs. Detective Conan (9.7%)
Kris TV (8.1%) vs. Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (9.0%) / Knock Out (8.3%)
Kapamilya Blockbusters (11.5%) vs. Kapuso Movie Festival (9.5%)
It’s Showtime (9.1%) vs. Chef Boy Logro Kusina Master (13.2%) / Eat… Bulaga! (20.4%)
Mundo Man Ay Magunaw (10.8%) vs. Kokak (12.8%)
Angelito Batang Ama (12.9%) vs. The Good Daughter (12.4%)
Pinoy Big Brother Unliday (12.3%) vs. Broken Vow (12.6%)
Lumayo Ka Man Sa Akin (11.7%) vs. It Started With A Kiss (8.5%)

Primetime:

Maria La Del Barrio (18.3%) vs. Alice Bungisngis And Her Wonder Walis (11.8%)
TV Patrol (26.0%) vs. 24 Oras (18.2%) vs. Wil Time Bigtime (10.5%)
Eboy (27.0%) vs. Biritera (18.0%)
Walang Hanggan (30.9%) vs. My Beloved (17.3%)
Budoy (29.1%) / Pinoy Big Brother Unlinight (18.4%) vs. Legacy (15.1%) vs. Nandito Ako (4.0%) / Valiente (3.7%) / Super Sine Prime (4.8%)
City Hunter (12.2%) vs. Dongyi (12.2%)
Bandila (5.6%) vs. Saksi Liga Ng Katotohanan (5.0%) / Rescue (2.8%) vs. Pilipinas News (1.7%)
Krusada (1.9%) vs. Insider (1.0%) / Juicy! (0.6%) / Jojo A. All The Way!!! (0.2%)

Meanwhile, here is for  February 24-26, 2012, also according to Kantar Media.

February 24, 2012 (Friday)

Daytime:

Kape’t Pandasal (0.1%)
Krusada (Replay) (0.5%) vs. Rescue (Replay) (0.9%)
Umagang Kay Ganda (4.1%) / Sailormoon (4.6%) vs. Unang Hirit (5.0%)
Naruto Shippuuden (Season 4) (5.4%) vs. Tom And Jerry (8.1%) / Detective Conan (9.0%)
Kris Tv (8.3%) vs. Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (8.4%) / Slamdunk (8.0%) / Knock Out (8.2%)
Kapamilya Blockbusters (11.3%) vs. Kapuso Movie Festival (11.7%)
It’s Showtime (8.5%) vs. Chef Boy Logro Kusina Master (16.7%) / Eat… Bulaga! (20.2%)
Mundo Man Ay Magunaw (9.4%) vs. Kokak (14.0%)
Angelito Batang Ama (12.7%) vs. The Good Daughter (12.6%)
Pinoy Big Brother Unliday (11.1%) vs. Broken Vow (12.6%)
Lumayo Ka Man Sa Akin (11.3%) vs. It Started With A Kiss (7.8%)

Primetime:

Maria La Del Barrio (16.3%) vs. Alice Bungisngis And Her Wonder Walis (9.5%)
TV Patrol (24.3%) vs. 24 Oras (17.8%) vs. Wil Time Bigtime (9.0%)
Eboy (25.4%) vs. Biritera (18.5%)
Walang Hanggan (29.9%) vs. My Beloved (17.4%)
Budoy (29.7%) vs. Legacy (16.6%) vs. Nandito Ako (4.4%) / Valiente (3.2%)
Pinoy Big Brother Unlinight (20.3%) vs. Dongyi (15.1%) vs. Super Sine Prime (3.9%)
City Hunter (14.2%) vs. Bubble Gang (11.6%)
Bandila (5.9%) vs. Saksi Liga Ng Katotohanan (5.2%) vs. Pilipinas News (1.5%)
S.O.C.O. (A Scene Of The Crime Operatives) (3.4%) / Storyline (1.6%) vs. Tunay Na Buhay (2.3%) vs. Bitag (0.7%) / Juicy! (0.3%) / Jojo A. All The Way!!! (0.2%)

February 25, 2012 (Saturday)

Daytime:

Sa Kabukiran (0.8%) vs. Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko (1.0%)
Salamat Dok (2.7%) vs. Pinoy MD Mga Doktor Ng Bayan (2.4%)
Kabuhayang Swak Na Swak (4.0%) vs. Batman The Brave And The Bold (4.1%)
Honey Watch Out (3.0%) vs. Jewelpet (6.2%)
Why Not? (3.3%) vs. Tom & Jerry Kids (9.6%)
Go Diego Go! (5.1%) vs. Knock Out (9.8%)
The Penguins Of Madagascar (6.6%) vs. Tropang Potchi (7.5%)
The Adventures Of Jimmy Neutron Boy Genius (8.4%) vs. Maynila (Larawan Ng Bansa) (7.0%)
Kapamilya Saturday Blockbusters (11.6%) vs. Kapuso Movie Festival (11.7%)
It’s Showtime (10.5%) vs. Eat… Bulaga! (23.2%)
Showbiz Inside Report (7.8%) vs. Startalk (8.6%)
Oka2kat (8.3%) vs. Wish Ko Lang! (7.9%)
Failon Ngayon (9.0%) vs. 24 Oras Weekend (8.6%) vs. Wil Time Bigtime (8.2%)

Primetime:

TV Patrol Weekend (13.7%) / Kapamilya Deal Or No Deal (21.7%) vs. Manny Many Prizes (10.0%)
Wansapanataym (24.2%) vs. Spooky Valentine Presents Manikurista (16.9%) vs. Regal Shocker (4.8%)
Maalaala Mo Kaya… (24.5%) vs. Kapuso Mo Jessica Soho (18.1%) vs. The Jose & Wally Show Starring Vic Sotto (4.0%)
Toda Max (15.6%) vs. Imbestigador (15.3%) vs. Nandito Ako Ang Unang Pagtatagpo (2.9%)
Pinoy Big Brother Unlimited Weekend (12.9%) vs. Just For Laughs Gags (10.3%) vs. Tutok Tulfo (3.3%)
Banana Split Extra Scoop (8.1%) / The Bottom Line With Boy Abunda (2.4%) / Sports Unlimited (1.1%) vs. Walang Tulugan with Master Showman (1.7%) vs. Aksyon Sabado (1.9%)

February 26, 2012 (Monday)

Daytime:

Jesus The Healer (0.6%)
The Healing Eucharist (3.8%) vs. In Touch (0.8%)
Kabuhayang Swak Na Swak (3.5%) vs. Batman The Brave And The Bold (4.1%)
Salamat Dok (3.4%) vs. Jewelpet (7.7%) / Tom & Jerry Kids (10.7%)
Spider-Man (5.0%) vs. Detective Conan (10.2%)
The Incredible Hulk (5.4%) vs. Dragon Ball (8.7%)
Matanglawin (6.9%) vs. Aha (7.1%)
Kapamilya Sunday Blockbusters (9.0%) vs. Kapuso Movie Sunday Festival (11.4%)
ASAP 2012 (12.0%) vs. Party Pilipinas (10.4%)
Luv U (10.5%) vs. Reel Love Presents Tween Hearts (7.1%)
The Buzz (8.4%) vs. Showbiz Central (6.3%)

Primetime:

TV Patrol Weekend (16.2%) vs. 24 Oras Weekend (12.3%) vs. Pinoy Explorer (7.0%)
Goin’ Bulilit (19.2%) vs. Pepito Manaloto Reality Sitcom (17.7%) vs. Who Wants To Be A Millionaire (8.3%)
Rated K Handa Na Ba Kayo? (22.3%) vs. Kap’s Amazing Stories (19.8%) vs. Talentadong Pinoy (8.8%)
Sarah G Live (21.3%) vs. I Bilib Featuring Wonders Of Horus (18.7%)
Pinoy Big Brother Unlimited Weekend (15.5%) vs. Sunday Night Box Office (17.6%) vs. The Biggest Game Show In The World Asia (4.5%)
Gandang Gabi Vice (11.0%) vs. Sunday Night Box Office (11.3%) vs. Super Sine Prime (2.9%)

Sunday’s Best (2.5%) vs. Diyos At Bayan (0.9%) vs. Under Special Investigation (1.5%) / Aksyon Linggo (1.5%)  

The above ratings from February 21-26 showed on how ABS-CBN dominates the Primetime block, and daytime for GMA 7. 

GMA: The Most Unpopular President and her PR Strategy

So first let me enlighten the history of public relation, Public Relations rooted the first took shape during the early years of the nations existence, through messages crafted by politicians and campaign advisers, modern practices came about ion much more recent history. According to Bernays(1955), Public Relations as the effort, by information, persuasion and adjustment to engineer public support for an activity, cause, movement or institution. Public relations is further defined by Bernays as giving a client ethical advice, based on research of the public, that will win the social goals upon which the client depends for his livelihood. 

So Public Relations are an essential element in effective and successful to build a good image of a high profile people, business and organization. It is a management function that involves monitoring and evaluating public attitudes, identifies the policies and also maintaining mutual relation and understanding between an organization and public.

Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5, 1947) is a Filipina politician. She is the fourteenth and current president of the Philippines. Arroyo is the country’s second female president, and the daughter of late former Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal. She is a direct descendant of the Lakandula rulers of the ancient Luzon Empire.

            A professor of economics, Arroyo entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from 1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada, despite having run on an opposing ticket. After Estrada was accused of corruption, she resigned her cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition to the president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by peaceful street demonstrations, and Arroyo was subsequently sworn into the presidency on January 20, 2001. She was elected to a full six-year presidential term in her own right and was sworn in June 30, 2004.

Early life
            President Arroyo was born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal to politician Diosdado Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Macaraeg Macapagal. She is the sister of Dr. Diosdado “Boboy” Macapagal, Jr. & Cielo Macapagal-Salgado. She spent the first years of her life in Lubao, Pampanga with her two older siblings from her father’s first marriage. At the age of four, she chose to live with her maternal grandmother in Iligan City. She stayed there for three years, then split her time between Mindanao and Manila until the age of 11. She is fluent in English, Tagalog, Spanish and several other Philippine languages.

In 1961, when Arroyo was just 14 years’ old, her father was elected as president. She moved with her family into Malacañang Palace in Manila. A municipality was named in her honor, Gloria, Oriental Mindoro. She attended Assumption Convent for her elementary and high school education, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Arroyo then studied for two years at Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. where she was a classmate of future United States President Bill Clinton and achieved consistent Dean’s list status. She then earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Assumption College, graduating magna cum laude in 1968.

In 1968, Arroyo married lawyer and businessman Jose Miguel Arroyo of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental, whom she had met while still a teenager. They had three children, Juan Miguel (born 1969), Evangelina Lourdes (born 1971) and Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria (born in 1974). She pursued a Master’s Degree in Economics from the Ateneo de Manila University (1978) and a Doctorate Degree in Economics from the University of the Philippines (1985).[5] From 1977 to 1987, she held teaching positions in different schools, notably the University of the Philippines and the Ateneo de Manila University. She became chairperson of the Economics Department at Assumption College.

In 1987 she was invited by President Corazon Aquino to join the government as Assistant Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry. She was promoted to Undersecretary two years later. In her concurrent position as Executive Director of the Garments and Textile Export Board, Arroyo oversaw the rapid growth of the garment industry in the late 1980s.


The young Gloria Macapagal (far right) and her family; when this picture was taken, her father Diosdado was the President of the Philippines.
Senator
Arroyo entered politics in the 1992 election, running for senator. At the first general election under the 1987 Constitution, the top twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, and the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term. Arroyo ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995, topping the senatorial elections with nearly 16 million votes.

As a legislator, Arroyo filed over 400 bills and authored or sponsored 55 laws during her tenure as senator, including the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous People’s Rights Law, and the Export Development Act.

The 1995 Mining Act, which allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippine mines, has come under fire from left-wing political groups.

Vice Presidency

Arroyo considered a run for the presidency in the 1998 election, but was persuaded by President Fidel V. Ramos and leaders of the administration party Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats to instead seek the vice-presidency as the running mate of its presidential candidate, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr. Though the latter lost to popular former actor Joseph Ejercito Estrada, Arroyo won the vice presidency by a large margin, garnering more than twice the votes of her closest opponent, Estrada’s running mate Senator Edgardo Angara.

Arroyo began her term as Vice President on June 30, 1998. She was appointed by Estrada to a concurrent position in the cabinet as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development.

Arroyo resigned from the cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from President Estrada, who was accused of corruption by a former political supporter, Chavit Singson, Governor from Ilocos Sur. She had initially resisted pressure from allies to speak out against Estrada, but eventually joined calls for Estrada’s resignation.

Presidency

Succession

The EDSA II Revolution that catapulted Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to power is depicted on the 200-peso bill.On January 20, 2001, after days of political turmoil and popular revolt, the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant. The military and the national police had earlier withdrawn their support for Estrada. At noon, Arroyo was sworn in as President of the Philippines by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. Coincidentally, Arroyo assumed office the same day as US President George W. Bush.

Weeks later, Estrada filed a lawsuit challenging the legal basis of the Arroyo presidency and insisting he remained the lawful president, though adding he would not try to reclaim his post. The Supreme Court issued its decision on March 2, 2001, asserting that Estrada had resigned the presidency and relinquished his post. The court unanimously voted to dismiss Estrada’s petition, reaffirming the legitimacy of Arroyo’s presidency.


EDSA III uprising

On May 1, 2001, a week after Estrada was arrested on charges of plunder, an estimated 40,000 protesters sympathetic to Estrada degenerated into violence and stormed the presidential palace in an attempt to force Arroyo from office. Four people died, including two policemen, and more than 100 were wounded in clashes between security forces and rioters. After being dispersed the crowd had looted stores and burned cars. Arroyo declared a ‘state of rebellion’ in Manila and ordered the arrests of opposition leaders who lead the uprising and conspired to topple the government. The state of rebellion was lifted one week later with Arroyo declaring “the disorder has subsided”.

Support for the opposition and Estrada subsequently dwindled after the victory of administration allied candidates in the midterm elections that was held later that month. Arroyo outlined her vision for the country as “building a strong republic” throughout her tenure. Her agenda consists of building up a strong bureaucracy, lowering crime rates, increasing tax collection, improving economic growth, and intensifying counter-terrorism efforts.


Oakwood mutiny 

The Oakwood mutiny occurred in the Philippines on July 27, 2003. A group of 321 armed soldiers who called themselves “Bagong Katipuneros” led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Lt. Antonio Trillanes IV of the Philippine Navy took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment tower in Makati City to show the Filipino people the alleged corruption of the Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo administration. They also stated that they saw signs suggesting that the President was going to declare martial law.


Jose Pidal controversy
In August 18, 2003, Senator Panfilo Lacson accused Jose Miguel Arroyo, the president’s husband, of siphoning campaign funds into a bank account under the fictitious name “Jose Pidal”. The accusations were never legally substantiated.


The 2004 election and subsequent rigging allegations

Although the Philippine Constitution bars a president from reelection, it allows for the election of a person who has succeeded as president and has served for not more than four years. In December 2002, Arroyo made the surprise announcement that she would not seek a new term in the Philippine general election, 2004. Ten months later, however, she reversed her position and declared her intention to seek a direct mandate from the people, saying “there is a higher cause to change society… in a way that nourishes our future”.

Arroyo faced a tough election campaign in early 2004 against Estrada friend and popular actor Fernando Poe, Jr., senator and former police general Panfilo Lacson, former senator Raul Roco, and Christian evangelist Eddie Villanueva. Her campaign platform centered on a shift to a parliamentary and federal form of government, job creation, universal health insurance, anti-illegal drugs, and anti-terrorism.

Arroyo lagged behind Poe in the polls prior to the campaign season, but her popularity steadily climbed to surpass Poe’s. As predicted by pre-election surveys and exit polls, she won the election by a margin of over a million votes against her closest rival, Fernando Poe, Jr. She took her oath of office on June 30, 2004. In a break with tradition, She chose to first deliver her inaugural address at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila before departing to Cebu City for her oath taking, the first time a Philippine president took the oath of office outside of Luzon.

In the middle of 2005, Samuel Ong who is a former deputy director of the country’s National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) claimed to have audio tapes of wiretapped conversations between President Arroyo and an official of the Commission on Elections. According to Ong, the contents of the tape prove that the 2004 national election was rigged by Arroyo in order to win by around one million votes. On June 27, Arroyo admitted to inappropriately speaking to a Comelec official, claiming it was a “lapse in judgement”, but denied influencing the outcome of the election. Attempts to impeach Arroyo failed later that year.

Two witnesses, Antonio Rasalan and Clinton Colcol, stepped forward in August 2006, claiming involvement in an alleged plot to alter the results for the May 2004 elections. Rasalan claimed that he was fully convinced that the election returns presented at the House of Representatives were manufactured and had replaced the original documents.

Colcol, a tabulator for the Commission on Elections (Comelec), said that Arroyo only received 1,445 votes, while Poe received 2,141 in South Upi, Maguindanao during the May 2004 elections.

On January 25, 2008, Pulse Asia survey (commissioned by Genuine Opposition (GO) per former Senator Sergio Osmeña III) stated that 58% percent of Filipinos in Mindanao believed that President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo cheated in the Philippine general election, 2004. 70% also “believed that because of recurring allegations of election fraud, the credibility of the balloting process in Mindanao was at a record low.”


State of Emergency

On Friday, February 24, 2006, an alleged coup d’état plot was uncovered in the Philippines, headed by Brig. Gen. Danilo Lim.

The declaration of Proclamation No. 1017 gave Gloria Macapagal Arroyo the power to issue warrantless (and until then unconstitutional) arrests and to take over private institutions that run public utilities.

The President, through the Department of Education, suspended classes in elementary and high school levels. In response, colleges and universities suspended classes. By virtue of PP 1017, she declared a State of Emergency for the whole country in an attempt to quell rebellion as her grip on power began to slip, stop lawless violence and promote peace and stability. The government’s first move after the declaration was to disperse demonstrators, particularly the groups picketing along EDSA. Former Philippine president Corazon Aquino was among those that protested, along with leftist and extreme right activists. A number of public figures were reported to have been arrested.

After the foiling of the plot and the dispersal of the rallies, PP 1017 continued for a week on threats of military plots (such as the military stand-off of February 26 at Fort Bonifacio headed by Col. Ariel Querubin), violence, illegal rallies and public disturbance.

Six leftist representatives - Satur Ocampo, Teodoro Casiño, and Joel Virador of Bayan Muna, Liza Maza of GABRIELA, and Crispin Beltran and Rafael Mariano of Anakpawis - were charged with rebellion. Crispin Beltran of Anakpawis was arrested on February 25 on charges of inciting to sedition and rebellion. To avoid further arrest, the other five found shelter at the Batasan Complex.

On Saturday, February 25, the office of the Daily Tribune, a newspaper known as a hard-hitting critic of the Arroyo administration, was raided. After the raid, an issuance of Journalism Guideline followed, authored by the government in order to cope with the “present abnormal situation”, according to then Chief of Staff Michael Defensor. The move to suppress freedom of the press against the Daily Tribune was criticized by Reporters Without Borders.

The decree was lifted on March 3, 2006. However the opposition, lawyers, and concerned citizens filed a complaint in the Supreme Court contesting the constitutionality of PP 1017. The court, on May 4, declared the proclamation constitutional, but said it was illegal to issue warrantless arrests and seize private institutions.


The Manila Peninsula Rebellion

The Peninsula Manila Rebellion was a rebellion in the Philippines on November 29, 2007. Detained Senator Antonio Trillanes IV, General Lim and other Magdalo officials walked out of their trial and marched through the streets of Makati City, called for the ouster of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, and seized the second floor of The Peninsula Manila Hotel along Ayala Avenue. Former Vice-President Teofisto Guingona also joined the march to the hotel.

Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV and Brigadier Gen. Danilo Lim surrendered to authorities after an armored personnel carrier rammed into the lobby of the hotel. Director Geary Barias declared that the standoff at the Manila Peninsula Hotel is over as Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV, Brig. Gen. Danilo Lim along with other junior officers agreed to leave the hotel and surrender to Barias after the 6 hour siege. There was difficulty getting out for a while due to the tear gas that was covering the area where they were hiding.

Days after the mutiny, the Makati City Regional Trial Court dismissed the rebellion charges against all the 14 civilians involved in the siege, and ordered their release.


National Broadband Network Scandal

The Philippine National Broadband Network controversy is a political affair that centers upon allegations of corruption primarily involving Former Commission on Elections (COMELEC) Chairman Benjamin Abalos, First Gentleman Mike Arroyo and President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo regarding the proposed government-managed National Broadband Network (NBN) for the Philippines and the awarding of its construction to the Chinese firm Zhong Xing Telecommunication Equipment Company Limited (ZTE), a telecommunications and networking equipment provider.

The issue has captivated Filipino politics since it erupted in Philippine media around August 2007, largely through the articles of newspaper columnist Jarius Bondoc of the Philippine Star. It has also taken an interesting turn of events, including the resignation of Abalos as COMELEC chairman, the alleged bribery of congressmen and provincial governors (dubbed as “Bribery in the Palace”), the unseating of Jose de Venecia, Jr. as House Speaker, and the alleged “kidnapping” of designated National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) consultant-turned-NBN/ZTE witness Rodolfo Noel “Jun” Lozada, Jr.


The Spratly Islands Joint Exploration Agreement

In connection to the Philippine National Broadband Network controversy, The Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking (JMSU) is a tripartite agreement between the Philippines, China and Vietnam to conduct seismic exploration in an area spanning 142,886 square kilometers west of Palawan. More specifically it is an agreement between Philippine National Oil Company -Exploration Corporation (PNOC-EC), China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and Vietnam Oil and Gas Corporation (PetroVietnam), that was signed in September 2004 and took effect in July 2005.[25] JMSU has already finished the first phase of the seismic exploration which lasted from September 1 to November 16, 2006, covering 11,000 line kilometers. A Chinese vessel conducted the survey, Vietnam processed the data gathered and this was interpreted by PNOC-EC in Manila. The second phase started in October 2007, covering 11,800 line kilometers. It was supposedly to end January 2008.


Economy

President Arroyo, President Bush and other state leaders at the 2004 APEC Trade SummitArroyo, a practicing economist, has made the economy the focus of her presidency. Economic growth in terms of gross domestic product has averaged 5.0% during the Arroyo presidency from 2001 up to the first quarter of 2008. This is higher than previous recent presidents when compared to the 3.8% average of Aquino, the 3.7% average of Ramos, and the 2.8% average of Joseph Estrada. The Philippine economy grew at its fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real GDP growth exceeding 7%. Inflation during the Arroyo presidency has been the lowest since 1986, averaging 2.5%.

A controversial expanded value added tax (e-VAT) law, considered the centerpiece of the Arroyo administration’s economic reform agenda[29], was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country’s large budget deficit. The country aims to balance the national budget by 2010. The tax measure boosted confidence in the government’s fiscal capacity and helped to strengthen the Philippine peso, making it East Asia’s best performing currency in 2005-06.[30] The peso strengthened by nearly 20% in 2007, making it by far Asia’s best performing currency for the year, a fact attributed to a combination of increased remittances from overseas Filipino workers and a strong domestic economy.

Arroyo’s handling of the economy has earned praise from observers including former US President Bill Clinton, who praised Arroyo for making “tough decisions” that put the Philippine economy back in shape.

The managing director of the World Bank, Juan Jose Daboub, criticized the administration for not doing enough to curb corruption.

Early in her presidency, Arroyo implemented a controversial policy of holiday economics, adjusting holidays to form longer weekends with the purpose of boosting domestic tourism and allowing Filipinos more time with their families.


International relations

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo with George W. Bush during the latter’s state visit to the Philippines in 2003.The Arroyo administration has forged a strong relationship with the United States. Arroyo was one of the first world leaders who expressed support for the US-led coalition against global terrorism in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, and remains one of its closest allies in the war on terror. Following the US-led invasion of Iraq, in July 2003 the Philippines sent a small humanitarian contingent which included medics and engineers. These troops were recalled in July 2004 in response to the kidnapping of Filipino truck driver Angelo de la Cruz. With the hostage takers demands met, the hostage was released. The force was previously due to leave Iraq the following month. The early pullout drew international condemnation, with the United States protesting against the action, saying giving in to terrorist demands should not be an option.

Arroyo’s foreign policy is anchored on building strong ties with the United States, East Asian and Southeast Asian nations, and countries where overseas Filipino workers work and live. In 2007, the Philippines was host to the 12th ASEAN Summit in Cebu City.

On August 21, 2007, Gloria’s administration asked the Senate of the Philippines to ratify a $4bn (£2bn) trade deal with Japan (signed on 2006 with the former Japanese prime minister Junichiro Koizumi), which would create more than 300,000 jobs (by specifically increasing local exports such as shrimp to Japan). Japan also promised to hire at least 1,000 Philippine nurses. The opposition-dominated senate objected on the ground that toxic wastes would be sent to the Philippines; the government denied this due to the diplomatic notes which stated that it would not be accepting Japanese waste in exchange for economic concessions.


Domestic policies

Charter change
In 2005, Arroyo initiated a movement for an overhaul of the constitution to transform the present presidential-bicameral republic into a federal parliamentary-unicameral form of government. At her 2005 State of the Nation Address, she claimed “The system clearly needs fundamental change, and the sooner the better. It’s time to start the great debate on Charter Change”.

In late 2006, the House of Representatives shelved a plan to revise the constitution through constituent assembly.

Executive Order No. 464 and calibrated preemptive response

In late September 2005, Arroyo issued an executive order stating that demonstrations without permits would be pre-emptively stopped. Then members of the military testified in Congressional hearings that they were defying a direct order not to testify about their knowledge of the election scandal. There is the issuance of Executive Order No. 464 forbidding government officials under the executive department from appearing in congressional inquiries without President Arroyo’s prior consent.  These measures were challenged before the Supreme Court, which apparently declared some sections as unconstitutional.

Human rights
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Gloria Arroyo flanked by United States Marines.A May 2006 Amnesty International report expressed concern over the sharp rise in vigilante killings of militant activists and community workers in the Philippines. Task Force Usig, a special police unit tasked to probe reported extra-judicial killings, by state run death squads counts 115 murders and says most of these are the result of an internal purge by communist rebels. Human rights groups put the number as high as 830.

These violations were alleged to have been committed against left-leaning organizations and party-list groups including BAYAN, Bayan Muna and Anakpawis. These organizations accuse the Philippine National Police and Armed Forces of the Philippines for the deaths of these political opponents. Arroyo has condemned political killings “in the harshest possible terms” and urged witnesses to come forward. “The report, which Melo submitted to Arroyo last month, reportedly linked state security forces to the murder of militants and recommended that military officials, notably retired major general Jovito Palparan, be held liable under the principle of command responsibility for killings in their areas of assignment.”

General Palparan who retired September 11, 2006 has been appointed by President Arroyo to be part of the Security Council. This has alarmed left-leaning political parties about the potential for human rights violations.

An independent commission was assembled in August 2006 to investigate the killings. Headed by former Supreme Court Justice Jose Melo, the group known as the Melo Commission concluded that most of the killings were instigated by the Armed Forces of the Philippines, but found no proof linking the murder of activists to a “national policy” as claimed by the left-wing groups. On the other hand the report “linked state security forces to the murder of militants and recommended that military officials, notably retired major general Jovito Palparan, be held liable under the principle of command responsibility for killings in their areas of assignment.” Stricter anti-terror laws have also caused some concern in recent years.

Under Arroyo’s government, the Philippines has become second only to Iraq as the world’s riskiest place to report the news, with 23 journalists killed since 2003

In her July 23, 2007 State of the Nation Address, Arroyo has set out her agenda for her last three years in office, and called for legislation to deal with a spate of political killings that have brought international criticism to her presidency. She promised to bring peace to the troubled south, and also defended a controversial new anti-terrorism legislation. Arroyo told the joint session of Congress that “I would rather be right than popular.” Lawmakers and lawyers, however, were dismayed by the SONA’s failure to highlight and address this major hindrance to human rights. Specifically, the Alternative Law Groups (ALG) echoed the lawmakers’ position that Mrs Arroyo failed to take responsibility for the problem.

In 2007, incidences of extrajudicial killings dropped 87%, with the decline attributed to the creation of a special task force to handle the killings.

Amnesty proclamation

On September 5, 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed Amnesty Proclamation 1377 for members of the Communist Party of the Philippines and its armed wing, the New People’s Army; other communist rebel groups; and their umbrella organization, the National Democratic Front. The amnesty will cover the crime of rebellion and all other crimes “in pursuit of political beliefs,” but not including crimes against chastity, rape, torture, kidnapping for ransom, use and trafficking of illegal drugs and other crimes for personal ends and violations of international law or convention and protocols “even if alleged to have been committed in pursuit of political beliefs.” The National Committee on Social Integration (NCSI) will issue a Certificate of Amnesty to qualified applicants. Implementing rules and regulations are being drafted and the decree will be submitted to the Senate of the Philippines and the House of Representatives for their concurrence. The proclamation becomes effective only after Congress has concurred.

Estrada pardon

On October 25, 2007, Arroyo granted pardon to Joseph Estrada based on the recommendation by the Department of Justice. Press Secretary Ignacio Bunye quoted the signed Order: “In view hereof in pursuant of the authority conferred upon me by the Constitution, I hereby grant Executive clemency to Joseph Ejercito Estrada, convicted by the Sandiganbayan of plunder and imposed a penalty of reclusion perpetua. He is hereby restored to his civil and political rights.” Bunye noted that Estrada committed in his application not to seek public office, and he would be free from his Tanay resthouse on October 26, noon.


The Sumilao Farmers’ March

On December 3, 2007, 55 farmers of the Higaonon tribe from Sumilao, Bukidnon arrived in Metro Manila, 2 months after their march through 13 provinces from Mindanao to ask the government to stop the conversion of the land they are claiming into a hog farm. The farmers petitioned the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) to issue a cease-and-desist order (CDO) on the contested 144-hectare property in Barangay (village) San Vicente, Sumilao which San Miguel Foods Inc. (SMFI) converted into a hog farm. The Supreme Court of the Philippines had earlier dismissed the farmers’ rights lack of legal standing. Farmer Tuminhay stated that: “Our titles were cancelled because Norberto Quisumbing was allowed to convert his land on condition that he would implement a five-year development plan. Since he did not implement the plan, it is only proper that DAR renew the CARP process and give us back our titles.” Quisumbing’s development plan for the property included the establishment of a development academy, a cultural center, an institute for livelihood science, a museum, library, golf course, a sports development complex, an agro-industrial park, forest development and support facilities, and construction of a 360-room hotel, restaurant, housing projects, inter alia.[58] On December 17, 2007, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo revoked the conversion order on the disputed 144-hectare lot in Sumilao, Bukidnon, resulting to the return of the land ownership to the 55 members of the Higaonon tribe farmers who marched 1,700 kilometers for 2 months from Mindanao to Metro Manila. The order, signed by Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita, reads: “Wherefore premises considered and as recommended by DAR, the petition for cancellation and/or revocation of the conversion order covering 144 hectares of land…is hereby granted.” San Miguel Foods as landowner must be paid the current value of the property before the land can be distributed to the farmers.

Criticism and public perception

According to a survey conducted by Pulse Asia from October 20 to 31, a pluralty of Filipinos (at 42%, beating former president and strongman Ferdinand Marcos by 7%) consider Arroyo the “most corrupt (president) in the history of the Philippines”.[60] A November 30 - December 3, 2007 Social Weather Stations survey found Arroyo’s net satisfaction rating at -16 (32% satisfied minus 48% dissatisfied).

The Social Weather Stations 2nd Quarter 2008 survey revealed that Arroyo is the ‘Most unpopular leader’, since 1986.[2] Her net satisfaction rating (the difference between those satisfied and dissatisfied) dived to -38 points from -26 in March, 2007. It was a 12-point drop from net -26 (27% satisfied, 54% dissatisfied) in the last March 28 to 31, 2008 survey. It was the 4th consecutive drop since June 2007’s neutral -3. Her previous worst was a -33 rating in May 2005. 

PR Strategy

Former President Gloria Macapgal - Arroyo is already the country’s most unpopular president and considered the more worst than the late dictator, former President Ferdinand E. Marcos. With the different allegation on graft and corruption, as well issues regarding the issue on being the mind behind the massive cheating during the 2004 National Elections, PGMA received different protests from the public as well as even from the different respected non government organizations that  are one in calling for her resignation.

PGMA used its position as president and the budget of the Office of the President in having a positive revolution that will help build her image into a positive one. President Arroyo massively used the budget and resources of the PCSO by creating different TV advertisements featuring the different accomplishments of the president on various fields - education, infrastructures and health.

PCSO have acquired many new ambulance during the time of Pres. Arroyo and all are painted with the image of the president and with a tagline, “GMA Cares”.

Moving Java Forward

JAVA 

Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems(which has since merged into Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems’ Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiledto bytecode (class file) that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-oriented language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers “write once, run anywhere” (WORA), meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java is currently one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 10 million users.

The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class librarieswere developed by Sun from 1995. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of theJava Community Process, Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GNU General Public License. Others have also developed alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java and GNU Classpath.

James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991.  Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too advanced for the digital cable television industry at the time. The language was initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling’s office; it went by the name Green later, and was later renamed Java, from Java coffee, said to be consumed in large quantities by the language’s creators. Gosling aimed to implement a virtual machine and a language that had a familiar C/C++ style of notation.

Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995. It promised “Write Once, Run Anywhere” (WORA), providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms. Fairly secure and featuring configurable security, it allowed network- and file-access restrictions. Major web browsers soon incorporated the ability to run Java applets within web pages, and Java quickly became popular. With the advent of Java 2 (released initially as J2SE 1.2 in December 1998–1999), new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of platforms. For example, J2EE targeted enterprise applications and the greatly stripped-down version J2MEfor mobile applications (Mobile Java). J2SE designated the Standard Edition. In 2006, for marketing purposes, Sun renamed new J2 versions as Java EE, Java ME, and Java SE, respectively.

In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO/IEC JTC1 standards body and later the Ecma International to formalize Java, but it soon withdrew from the process. Java remains a de facto standard, controlled through the Java Community Process. At one time, Sun made most of its Java implementations available without charge, despite their proprietary software status. Sun generated revenue from Java through the selling of licenses for specialized products such as the Java Enterprise System. Sun distinguishes between its Software Development Kit (SDK) and Runtime Environment (JRE) (a subset of the SDK); the primary distinction involves the JRE’s lack of the compiler, utility programs, and header files.

On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software, (FOSS), under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). On May 8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java’s core code available under free software/open-source distribution terms, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright.

Sun’s vice-president Rich Green said that Sun’s ideal role with regards to Java was as an “evangelist.” Following Oracle Corporation’s acquisition of Sun Microsystems in 2009–2010, Oracle has described itself as the “steward of Java technology with a relentless commitment to fostering a community of participation and transparency”. Java software runs on laptops to data centers, game consoles to scientificsupercomputers. There are 930 million Java Runtime Environment downloads each year and 3 billion mobile phones run Java. On April 2, 2010, James Gosling resigned from Oracle.

Principles 

There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:

1.     It should be “simple, object-oriented and familiar”

2.     It should be “robust and secure”

3.     It should be “architecture-neutral and portable”

4.     It should execute with “high performance”

5.     It should be “interpreted, threaded, and dynamic”

Versions

Major release versions of Java, along with their release dates:

JDK 1.0 (January 23, 1996)

JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997)

J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998)

J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000)

J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002)

J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004)

Java SE 6 (December 11, 2006)

Java SE 7 (July 28, 2011)

Java platform

Java (software platform) and Java Virtual Machine

One characteristic of Java is portability, which means that computer programs written in the Java language must run similarly on any hardware/operating-system platform. This is achieved by compiling the Java language code to an intermediate representation called Java byte code, instead of directly to platform-specific machine code. Java byte code instructions are analogous to machine code, but are intended to be interpreted by a virtual machine (VM) written specifically for the host hardware. End-users commonly use a Java Runtime Environment(JRE) installed on their own machine for standalone Java applications, or in a Web browser for Java applets.

Standardized libraries provide a generic way to access host-specific features such as graphics, threading, and networking.

A major benefit of using bytecode is porting. However, the overhead of interpretation means that interpreted programs almost always run more slowly than programs compiled to native executables would. Just-in-Time (JIT) compilers were introduced from an early stage that compile bytecodes to machine code during runtime.

Implementations

Sun officially licensed the Java Standard Edition platform for Linux,Mac OS X, and Solaris. In the past Sun licensed Java to Microsoft but the license expired without renewal. Because Windows does not ship with a Java software platform, a network of third-party vendors and licensees, develop them for Windows and other operating system/hardware platforms.

Sun’s trademark license for usage of the Java brand insists that all implementations be “compatible”. This resulted in a legal dispute with Microsoft after Sun claimed that the Microsoft implementation did not support RMI or JNI and had added platform-specific features of their own. Sun sued in 1997, and in 2001 won a settlement of US$20 million, as well as a court order enforcing the terms of the license from Sun. As a result, Microsoft no longer ships Java with Windows, and in recent versions of Windows, Internet Explorer cannot support Java applets without a third-party plugin. Sun, and others, have made available free Java run-time systems for those and other versions of Windows.

Platform-independent Java is essential to the Java EE strategy, and an even more rigorous validation is required to certify an implementation. This environment enables portable server-side applications, such as Web services, Java Servlets, and Enterprise JavaBeans, as well as with embedded systems based on OSGi, using Embedded Java environments. Through the GlassFish project, Sun is working to create a fully functional, unified open source implementation of the Java EE technologies.

Sun also distributes a superset of the JRE called the Java Development Kit (commonly known as the JDK), which includes development tools such as the Java compiler, Javadoc, Jar, and debugger.

Performance

Programs written in Java have a reputation for being slower and requiring more memory than those written in C. However, Java programs’ execution speed improved significantly with the introduction of Just-in-time compilation in 1997/1998 for Java 1.1, the addition of language features supporting better code analysis (such as inner classes, StringBuffer class, optional assertions, etc.), and optimizations in the Java Virtual Machine itself, such as HotSpot becoming the default for Sun’s JVM in 2000. Currently (February 2012), microbenchmarks show Java 7 is approximately 1.5 times slower than C.

Some platforms offer direct hardware support for Java; there are microcontrollers that can run Java in hardware instead of a software Java Virtual Machine, and ARM based processors can have hardware support for executing Java bytecode through its Jazelle option.

Automatic memory management

Java uses an automatic garbage collector to manage memory in the object lifecycle. The programmer determines when objects are created, and the Java runtime is responsible for recovering the memory once objects are no longer in use. Once no references to an object remain, the unreachable memory becomes eligible to be freed automatically by the garbage collector. Something similar to a memory leak may still occur if a programmer’s code holds a reference to an object that is no longer needed, typically when objects that are no longer needed are stored in containers that are still in use. If methods for a nonexistent object are called, a “null pointer exception” is thrown. One of the ideas behind Java’s automatic memory management model is that programmers can be spared the burden of having to perform manual memory management. In some languages, memory for the creation of objects is implicitly allocated on the stack, or explicitly allocated and deallocated from the heap. In the latter case the responsibility of managing memory resides with the programmer. If the program does not deallocate an object, a memory leak occurs. If the program attempts to access or deallocate memory that has already been deallocated, the result is undefined and difficult to predict, and the program is likely to become unstable and/or crash. This can be partially remedied by the use of smart pointers, but these add overhead and complexity. Note that garbage collection does not prevent “logical” memory leaks, i.e. those where the memory is still referenced but never used.

Garbage collection may happen at any time. Ideally, it will occur when a program is idle. It is guaranteed to be triggered if there is insufficient free memory on the heap to allocate a new object; this can cause a program to stall momentarily. Explicit memory management is not possible in Java. Java does not support C/C++ style pointer arithmetic, where object addresses and unsigned integers (usually long integers) can be used interchangeably. This allows the garbage collector to relocate referenced objects and ensures type safety and security.

As in C++ and some other object-oriented languages, variables of Java’s primitive data types are not objects. Values of primitive types are either stored directly in fields (for objects) or on the stack (for methods) rather than on the heap, as commonly true for object. This was a conscious decision by Java’s designers for performance reasons. Because of this, Java was not considered to be a pure object-oriented programming language. However, as of Java 5.0, autoboxing enables programmers to proceed as if primitive types were instances of their wrapper class.

Java contains multiple types of garbage collectors. By default, HotSpot uses the Concurrent Mark Sweep collector, also known as the CMS Garbage Collector. However, there are also several other garbage collectors that can be used to manage the Heap. For 90% of applications in Java, the CMS Garbage Collector is good enough.

Java syntax

The syntax of Java is largely derived from C++. Unlike C++, which combines the syntax for structured, generic, and object-oriented programming, Java was built almost exclusively as an object-oriented language. All code is written inside a class, and everything is an object, with the exception of the primitive data types (integers, floating-point numbers, boolean values, and characters), which are not classes for performance reasons.

Unlike C++, Java does not support operator overloading or multiple inheritance for classes. This simplifies the language and aids in preventing potential errors and anti-pattern design.Java uses similar commenting methods to C++. There are three different styles of comments: a single line style marked with two slashes (//), a multiple line style opened with /* and closed with */, and the Javadoc commenting style opened with /** and closed with */. The Javadoc style of commenting allows the user to run the Javadoc executable to compile documentation for the program.

What is Java technology and why do I need it?

Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. It is the underlying technology that powers state-of-the-art programs including utilities, games, and business applications. Java runs on more than 850 million personal computers worldwide, and on billions of devices worldwide, including mobile and TV devices.

Why do I need Java?

There are lots of applications and websites that won’t work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. Java is fast, secure, and reliable. From laptops to datacenters, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere!

Is Java free to download?

Yes, Java is free to download. Get the latest version at http://java.com. If you are building an embedded or consumer device and would like to include Java, please contact Oracle for more information on including Java in your device.

Why should I upgrade to the latest Java version?

The latest Java version contains important enhancements to improve performance, stability and security of the Java applications that run on your machine. Installing this free update will ensure that your Java applications continue to run safely and efficiently.

MORE TECHNICAL INFORMATION 

Originally called OAK, it was renamed as the Java programming language in 1995.

What will I get when I download Java software?

The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is what you get when you download Java software. The JRE consists of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Java platform core classes, and supporting Java platform libraries. The JRE is the runtime portion of Java software, which is all you need to run it in your Web browser. When you download Java software, you only get what you need - no spyware, and no viruses.

What is Java Plug-in software?

The Java Plug-in software is a component of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). The JRE allows applets written in the Java programming language to run inside various browsers. The Java Plug-in software is not a standalone program and cannot be installed separately.

 I’ve heard the terms Java Virtual Machine and JVM. Is this Java software?

The Java Virtual Machine is only one aspect of Java software that is involved in web interaction. The Java Virtual Machine is built right into your Java software download, and helps run Java 

Learn About Java Technology

 To date, the Java platform has attracted more than 6.5 million software developers. It’s used in every major industry segment and has a presence in a wide range of devices, computers, and networks.

Java technology’s versatility, efficiency, platform portability, and security make it the ideal technology for network computing. From laptops to datacenters, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere!

·         1.1 billion desktops run Java

·         930 million Java Runtime Environment downloads each year

·         3 billion mobile phones run Java

·         31 times more Java phones ship every year than Apple and Android combined

·         100% of all Blu-ray players run Java

·         1.4 billion Java Cards are manufactured each year

·         Java powers set-top boxes, printers, Web cams, games, car navigation systems, lottery terminals, medical devices, parking payment stations, and more.

To see places of Java in Action in your daily life, explore java.com.

Why Software Developers Choose Java

Java has been tested, refined, extended, and proven by a dedicated community. And numbering more than 6.5 million developers, it’s the largest and most active on the planet. With its versatilty, efficiency, and portability, Java has become invaluable to developers by enabling them to:

·         Write software on one platform and run it on virtually any other platform

·         Create programs to run within a Web browser and Web services

·         Develop server-side applications for online forums, stores, polls, HTML forms processing, and more

·         Combine applications or services using the Java language to create highly customized applications or services

·         Write powerful and efficient applications for mobile phones, remote processors, low-cost consumer products, and practically any other device with a digital heartbeat

Some Ways Software Developers Learn Java

Many colleges and universities offer courses in programming for the Java platform. In addition, developers can also enhance their Java programming skills by reading Oracle’s Java developer web site, subscribing to Java technology-focused newsletters, using the Java Tutorial and the New to Java Programming Center, and signing up for Web, virtual, or instructor-led courses.

 Oracle Technology Network

The Oracle Technology Network is the world’s largest community of application developers, database admins, system admins/developers, and architects using industry-standard technologies in combination with Oracle products. It is also the home of oracle.com/technetwork/java, the ultimate, complete, and authoritative source of technical information about Java. Membership is free, join today! (In your Profile, check the Oracle Technology Network box under My Community Memberships.)

What Is JavaFX

JavaFX extends your web experience by delivering rich media and content across all the screens of your life. As users, you will be able to run JavaFX applications in a browser or drag and drop them onto the desktop. It’s a seamless interface! JavaFX is powered by Java: JavaFX extends the power of Java by allowing developers to use any Java library within JavaFX applications. This way developers can expand their capabilities in Java and make use of the revolutionary presentation technology that JavaFX provides to build engaging visual experiences.

Highlights of JavaFX:

·         Allows users to view JavaFX applications in a browser or break free of the browser by dragging and dropping the same application onto the desktop

·         Enables an efficient designer-to-developer workflow with Project Nile: designers can work in their tools of choice while collaborating with Web scripters who use the NetBeans IDE with JavaFX

·         Extends Java technology by enabling use of any Java library within a JavaFX application

·         Allows developers to integrate vector graphics, animation, audio, and video Web assets into a rich, interactive, immersive application.

CHRISTINE MAY CABUYOC 

BCR 4-2

RADIO ANALYSIS

107.5 Win Radio, is the  FM radio station of Progressive Broadcasting Corporation in the Philippines. Win Radio’s airplay is heavily OPM, both current and revival songs. The station distinguishes itself from its competitors through “responsible programming” without playing songs “with double meaning” as is the structure for the masa market.

The station’s studio is located at the ground floor AIC Gold Tower, F. Ortigas Jr. Rd., Ortigas Center, Pasig City and its transmitter is located at Crestview Heights Subdivision, Brgy. San Roque, Antipolo City shared by its sister stationUNTV-37.

Some listeners claim the network is only a mere ‘copycat’ of 90.7 Love Radio in terms of its slogan and its station IDs like, in the win radio the slogan is Pinag -  iisipan pa bay an? And in the Love Radio slogan is Kailangan pa bang i-memorize yan? The DJs of Win Radio are mostly old voices who officially resigned from their previous stations.

Along with 91.5 Big Radio, they were also made to answer the more popular MBC’s pair of sister stations of similar format: 90.7 Love Radio and 101.1 Yes! FM.

The Win Radio 107.5 debuted on November 9, 2010 after NU 107 signed off for the last time a day earlier. It is managed by Manny Luzon who became the EVP and COO on October 10, 2010.

Luzon originally coined the name “Love Radio” for DZMB in the 80s. Since 2002, it retained its #1 spot among Metro Manila stations. Eventually, he formed UBSI in 1991, created and popularized Energy FM in key provinces beginning in 1996. In 2003, Energy took over91.5 Big Radio in Manila, immediately becoming a household sensation and in 2008 reaching as far as #2 among Metro Manila stations.

Just four months after its debut, it landed at #7 according to the March 2011 KBP Radio Research Council survey.

107.5 Win Radio has seven (7) Dj and these are the following dj;

• Matt Tsubibbo
• Johnny Mo, he is form 90.7 Love radio (it is a sister station of Win Radio) and also he is form 102.7 Star FM
• Sisa Usisa, he is from DZRH and also know Glen Garci and 101.1 Yes FM
• Dante Machete, he is also know before Roberto Pistolero from 102.7 Star FM, and he is also a PBA host
• Lara A., Before she is a shool Jockey of University of the East (UE)
• Hadjji Alejandrino, he is from 101.1 Yes FM
• Camille Gigil

And these are the following current shows or programs of 107.5 Win Radio;

• Gandang Morning Mega Manila. It was from Monday to Friday and it was 06:00am-08:00am. And it was hosted by Matt Tsubibbo
• Go Johnny Mo!. It was from Monday to Friday, 05:00pm - 08:00pm. And it was hosted by Johnny Mo
• Hataw sa Madaling Araw. It was from Tuesday to Saturday, 02:00am - 06:00am. And it was hosted by Dante Machete
• Heart Stories and Relationships. It was from Monday to Saturday, 09:00pm - 01:00am. And it was hosted by Sisa Usisa
• It’s weekends. It was from Saturday, 06:00am - 08:00am. And it was hosted by Matt Tsubibbo
• Mega Manila by Night. . It was from Tuesday to friday, 02:00am - 06:00am. And it was hosted by Dante Machete and the other is every Sunday from 01:00am to 05:00am and it was hosted by Camille Gigil
• Number One Radio Show. . It was from Monday to Saturday, 11:00am - 01:00pm and it was hosted by Johnny Mo
• Samot Sari Ngayong Weekend! It was from Saturday, 09:00am - 11:00am hosted by Lara A.
•  And Samot Sari sa Umaga. It was from Monday to Friday, 09:00am - 11:00am hosted by Lara A.
• Sunday at the Memories. It was from Sunday 7:00am - 11:00am hosted by Johnny Mo
• Sunday at the Memories 70’s.
• Sunday at the Memories FRC. It was from Sunday, 01:00pm - 05:00pm hosted by Dante Machete
• Tanungin mu si Matt. It was from Monday to Friday, 01:00pm - 03:00pm / Saturday, 01:00pm - 04:00pm hosted by Matt Tsubibbo
• Winner Ka!. It was from Monday to Friday, 03:00pm - 05:00pm hosted by Camille Gigil

DZXL Radyo Mo Nationawide is an AM radio station owned and operated by Radio Mindanao Network in the Philippines. DZXL Radyo Mo Nationawide office and studio is located at the 4th Floor, Guadalupe Commercial Complex, EDSA Guadalupe, Makati City, while the the other office  is Located at Brgy. Paco, Obando, Bulacan. DZXL now operates 24 hours a day except on Saturdays where it signs-off at 10:00pm, and except Holy Week of each year, where it signs-off from Midnight ofMaundy Thursday until 4 am of Easter Sunday.

DZXL Radyo Mo Nationawide established year 60’s and the former name of this station is DZHP, it associated with Philippines Herald. The fully automated classy music station DZHP became a drama-personality and adopted a new call sign – DWXL. Year 1987, The DWXL lasted and it changed again to its present call letter DZXL. Year 1977 the programming of DWXL/DZXL was launched with a great line-up of soap opera and radio personalities. The best known talents were Luz Fernandez, Matutina, Tony Angeles, Augusto Victa, Lito Legazpi, Myrna Rosales, Kris Daluz, Vangie Labalan, Mario O’hara, Fundador Soriano, Joey Galvez, and a lot more. The soap opera segment run eight hours daily starting 9 in the morning. These pool of top-rated drama talents was the source of power and strength of dramas and “tele-serye” of DZXL. This was made possible because of Wilfredo “Baby” Camomot, then Vice President of RMN. Wilfredo “Baby” Camomot orchestrated the drastic changes of RMN nationwide programming format from “classy” to “drama-personality” targeting the grassroot audience. And some of the hours was focuses on personality and news.

Some of the former anchor of DZXL Radyo Mo Nationawide was Fiorel Salvo, Johnny De Leon’s side-kick, Ngo-ngo , Al Mendez, Nick Mendoza, Jun Recafrente, Ely Cruz Ramirez, Mel Tiangco, Jay Sonza and Bobby Guanzon and also Rod Navarro.

Breaking News were heard first from DZXL. The station was also first to use an amateur radio group Tiger Civic Action Group to assist in the live traffic reports from the field covering the metropolitan Manila area morning until afternoon. Another civic group “Voltax” composed of ordinary taxi drivers helped in the midnight public service program. Anchored by Ely Cruz Ramirez. Another pioneering program was “Job Match” hosted by Fiorel Salvo which have been honored to help and assist in the safe overseas and local job hunting of the jobless workforce.

For over 50 years now, RMN remains committed to give the people real public service and true up-to-the-minute news.

DZXL Radyo Mo Nationawide has forty two  (42) program. And these are the following program of DZXL Radyo Mo Nationawide;

Weekday Programs:

• DZXL Soundtrip (All-Music)
• Unang Radyo, Unang Balita
• Straight to the Point
• Taumbayan Naman
• Bantay OFW Nationwide
• RMN News Nationwide (Morning)
• RMN News Derecho Balitang Metro (Morning)
• RMN News Derecho Balitang Metro (Afternoon)
• RMN News Derecho Balitang Metro (Noontime)
• RMN News Nationwide (Noontime)
• RMN News Nationwide (Afternoon)
• Eat All You Can
• Abot-Kamay
• Ito ang Batas
• Business ni Juan
• Lunas sa Kalusugan
• Kalusugan Mo, Sagot Ko
• Ikaw at ang Iyong Kalusugan
• Alarma 558
• RMN Midnight News

Weekend Programs:

• Straight to the Point
• DZXL Soundtrip (All-Music)
• Sunday Mass at Guadalupe
• Pimentel Reports
• ABAKADA,Ready Ka Na Ba?
• RMN Youth Academy
• Sports Talaga
• Buhay,Pamilya at Bayan
• Showbiz Power
• Ang Ating Katipunan
• HAPI-Hanapbuhay para sa Pinoy
• Gabay ng OFW
• Sandigan ng AMWSLAI
• Clinic On the Air
• Sapagkat Mahal Kita
• Radyo Mo sa Nutrisyon
• Public Department
• Biyaheng Pinoy
• Asenso Pinoy
• Kapitan Del Barrio
• DZXL Sunday Soundtrip
• Alarma 558 Linggo
•  

And these are the following anchor of Super DZXL Radyo Mo Nationwide;

• Atty. Aga Arellano
• Ely Saludar
• Buddy Oberas
• Leo Navarro
• Jake Maderazo
• Dennis Padilla
• Deo de Guzman
• Rod Marcelino
• Weng Dela Pena
• Rudy Liwanag
• Sheena Dorio
• Julius Corpus
• Grace Vergel-Mariano
• Francis “Kiko” Malicdem
• Sen. Aquilino Pimentel
• Lourdes Escaros-Paet
• Lorenz Tanjoco
• Raffy “Boy” Chico
• Shane Juan
• Susan “Toots” Ople
• Arlyn dela Cruz
• Bernie Flores
• Einjhel Ronquillo

PHILIPPINES INDEPENDENT MOVIE REVIEW: THELMA

It wasn’t my intension to watch the indie film Thelma, for I am not a fan of Maja Salvador. Let’s say that it was just an accident when I watched this film, I thought that I would just sleep the whole time at the movie theater while the movie plays but I was wrong, I never get bored watching Thelma, but it made me touch and cry.

Director Paul Soriano did a great job. He was able to use the popularity of the sport for the advantage of the film Thelma. The director manages to turn a simple and unpretentious plot into a great film. He was so gifted for making such scenes unforgettable and worth watching for. Soriano exert a tremendous and very well effort in controlling and handling the material and his actors. He did a magic when he pursue theme and character development in making Thelma. Director Paul, even he is just a new born director, able to complete mastery of his subject and expertly motivated his actors to play their very role with the credibility and sincerity.

Maja Salvador plays the role of Thelma whom is main character of the film. Salvador acts excellently, she’s able to deliver he lines well and she3 did convince the viewer that she’s a dedicated athlete whom striving to survive, wom and bring home the bacon. I almost forgot that she is Maja and not Thelma. John Arcilla and Tetchie Agbayani played the role of loving parents of Thelma. They both did a brilliant act that they made me remember any parents while watching them. Eliza Pineda plays the role of Thelma’s limp sister. I could say that it’s a power casting, for it casted by the most prestigious actors of all time generation.

I really appreciated the independent film since I’ve watched Thelma, at first I was bored because I not fond of watching Filipino movies, but through this, it makes me thought how creative and inspiring the Filipino movie was. Thelma fulfills its intention to inspire the viewers. The film is perfect despite of its simplicity. The film used some slow, sluggish scenes and flashbacks to capture and touches ones attention and sensibilities. Thelma was directed well because of the complete transition of story and full emotions and good characters. The story of Thelma is wholesome and edifying with very credible dialogue, it was well-delivered in Ilocano but can be understood because it has an English subtitles.

I could say that this film is simply rolled with full of heart. It deserves more than incentives it can get. Despite of its simplicity, it could inspired the viewers and able to deliver the scenes whole heartedly and get the desire outcome from the audience. It leaves a moral lesson “He who works his land will have abundant food, but the one who chases fantasies will have his fill of poverty”.

CHRISTINE MAY CABUYOC

BCR 4-2

FOREIGN INDEPENDENT MOVIE REVIEW: PASSION OF THE CHRIST

Passion of the Christ is one of the best independent films I’ve ever watched. It is a re-enactment of God’s just to save us from our sins. As a God fearing person, I could say that I was touched by this movie, it strengthen my spiritual life and build up a better relationship and faith with God.

The film The Passion of the Christ stands the most eloquent expression of God’s love for mankind, he suffered being tortured by the Jews and condemned to death just to free us from our sins, that’s what is said on a hill song entitled Above All “Crucified, laid behind a stone. You lived to die, rejected and alone. Like a rose, trampled on the ground. You took the fall and thought of me above all”. That’s what God can do for us, more than a song, and the said film makes me cry remembering how sinful I am and knowing how God crucified ferociously just to free me from all my disgrace.

The Passion of the Christ is full of scenes drenched in blood and shockingly violent. Its purpose is to show us how brutal the Jews to our God and his sacrifices and forgiveness despite of our shortcomings. This movie lasted for almost 126 minutes or 2 hours and 6 minutes and was flowed by original Aramaic and with English subtitles. However, it doesn’t distract the viewers to look onto subtitle while watching on the big screen because of emotional aura of mystery and sacredness to the subject, and because of familiarity on the movie for people who had already knowledge about that event on God’s sacrifices due it was a common story and can be red on the bible.

Mel Gibson, the director of the film The Passion of the Christ, able to express how he feels spiritually by creating a masterpiece like this kind of  movie, and able to share his vision among its audiences. Gibson attempts to show how brutal the times were and how vicious crucifixion was and he succeeds on it, together by showing how violent that is. However, I could say that Gibson directed the film over with violent, for I judge this as the most violent film I’ve ever seen, I could say that this movie should be watched by open-minded and matured audience. Gibson should be applauded by his effort, he created the movie well-placed, beautifully shot, and skillfully directed.

James Caviezel played the role of Jesus Chris on the film The Passion of the Christ, able to delivered his lines well and portray the role of God at his best. He’s good in acting and makes me feel forget that I’m just watching an actor acting. Caviezel also made it with flying colors even his whole appearance in the film is he is coated in blood and gore. I loved the scene of where he was begging for the father’s forgiveness for our sins, and when he said “it is finished” when he is on the cross, I cried. Maia Morgensten played the role of Mary and Monica Belucci for  Mary  Magdalene, convey emotions even without much dialogue and gives an exceptional performances. They did the best work that they made the supporting roles.

I could say that this is such a great movie, the best for me. I watched this for almost 4 times, I promote that it should be watched by each one of us, especially those who want to strengthen the spiritual relationship with Christ, but only by those matured enough and open-minded and not for 16 years of age and below, for it involved violent scenes. It do make me realize how blessed I am to be a child of our creator. It is the most controversial film of 2004, Mel Gibson’s The Passion of the Christ was deveined by detractors and critics widely, said to be most bloody and full of torture movie. But among the Christian community, as I consider myself as a member, who watched it, stands that this film is worth watching for, aside from a well-directed film, but also because it is the best movie that expressed the unconditional love of God, that what is written on the bible verse John 3:16 For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.

CHRISTINE MAY CABUYOC

BCR 4-2